Dave

Dave

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWDKgB5_CVU&feature=related

Dave

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWDKgB5_CVU&feature=related

Dave

Dave

Tks

Dave

Very good question. The first part of a cable route is usually in quite shallow water close to the coastlines where there is a continental shelf. Beyond that, the ocean floor drops down sharply. When the cable routes are planned, careful consideration has to be taken in order to avoid undersea volcanoes ( there are many of those), as well as areas of seismic disturbance. Most cables get cut due to fishermen pulling them up in their nets or due to ships’ anchors. Many fishermen are killed when their axes hit the central power line in the cable. When the cables are cut, the two ends usually fly apart from each other. If the break has occurred in the middle of the Atlantic, that causes a lot of problems. Firstly, you need to know where the break is. Pulses can be sent from both ends and the time for the pulses to return can be measured. From this, you can determine the distances to the ends of the breaks. Now you have to physically get there. Large cable ships go out and (using GPS) go to where the break is thought to be. Sumarine robots are then used with very bright lights, cameras and sonar to find the ends. Pincers are used to grab one end and take it to the surface. The same process takes place with the other end. This is very difficult. Due to the weight of the cable (even fiber optic cables have copper conductors to allow electricity to power the repeaters) this is a difficult task. Once you have the ends, you now need to splice them together and then put the cable back into the sea carefully.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOif2kjyiCE&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6iBZT7cyVA&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eL8ubOYtqcg&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CRx8Ix1Nho&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3RCLIYVDhM&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xbfcD1qtsI&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_g7DbgfHVHU&feature=fvw

Dave

I’m a satellite communications engineer, but my old company owned half the world’s submarine cables. The first cables all carried telegraph (telegram) messages. Nowadays submarine cables  carry most of the world’s Internet and voice traffic. The laying of the first submarine cable across the Atlantic was one of the greatest engineering feats in history.

The Morse Code which was, and still is used in sending telegrams, formed the basis of the digital codes that are used in all modern computer systems.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1JEuzBkOD8&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6PXf8YnjV4&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duI1m9WI0Ls&feature=related

Dave

Good article. Any idea about the sponsors/sponsorships thing ?

Dave

As a native english speaker, I would have thought it would be "Es una buena idea" Can you shed any light on this ?

Tks

Dave

In the second paragraph, it says "...buscar patrocinios". The text says ".....and look for sponsors".

Doesn't "patrocionios" mean sponsorships, and "patrocinadores" mean sponsors ?

Tks

Dave

Dave

When the girl says "Me quemo", the english translation comes out as "I burnED" myself. This just happened a few seconds ago (she cries out).

Is it meant to be "me quemo" (I burn myself....right now) or "Me quemó" ( I burned myself....just a second ago) ?

Tks

Dave

Dave

Dave

In the Key vocabulary under "la luz", I think that should say "light" instead of lights.

Have put this in due to the fact that the plural of "luz" is "luces" and may confuse beginners, otherwise.

Dave

One other thing:

When we have "Vas a poner árbol de navidad", why is there no article before the noun "árbol" ?

Dave

Merry xmas to you. In your expression:

“En nuestra familia,decoramos el arbolito entre todos y tratamos de comprarle algo nuevo cada año  para la buena suerte!”

You have “le” at the end of “comprar”. Is this referring to the fact that we are buying something new [ decorations ] FOR IT [ the xmas tree ] each year ?

Tks

Dave